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Coffee is the favorite beverage of mostly every second person on the planet. Whether you like to have coffee on a cold winter day, or you cannot function without your cup of coffee every morning.
India is one of the largest coffee-producing countries, and it’s among the top 10 producers in the world. Highly dominated by the south Indian hill tracts, coffee production has become a dominant employment source, and over 2.5 Lakh people depend upon it, either connected directly or indirectly. In the financial year 2019 – 2020, a total of 298,000 metric ton coffee was produced by the major coffee growing states. Among them, Arabica coffee was 87,000, and Robusta was 211,000 metric tons.
The largest coffee growing states are South Indian state Karnataka accounting for around 71%, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu with 21% and 5% of the total production, respectively. These are the traditional coffee growing regions. But in recent days, new areas developed themselves as a non-traditional coffee growing region such as Andhra Pradesh, Orissa in the eastern coast, and the northeast seven sisters – Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh.
Indian coffee is the finest coffee grown in the shades rather than direct sunlight, a process that is not adopted anywhere in the world. 80% of the total production, exported to other countries through the Suez Canal, among which 70% exported to Russia, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands, and France. Italy is alone accounts for 29% of the total exports.
The reason behind exportation to such a large extent is the distinct taste and flavor of Indian coffee, grown in monsoon rainfall conditions. Traditionally India has been a producer of Arabica coffee. But in the last decade, farmers are more inclined to grow Robusta coffee due to high yields, which now accounts for 60% of the coffee produced in India.
Here is the list of the largest coffee producing states in India:
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6. North Eastern Region
This coffee from the Brahmaputra region is mainly Arabica. Though the present production rate is low, the coffee from this region is unique with a medium to full body, eccentric fruity scent, and a mild level of acidity, and a pleasant aroma.
But in the last financial year (2022-2023), Robusta coffee production has increased evidently.
Total coffee production: 155 Metric Tonnes
Arabica: 65 Metric Tonnes
Robusta: 90 Metric Tonnes
5. ODISHA
Odisha is the fifth-largest coffee-producing state in India with a production of 670 Metric Tonnes. Arabica is the type of coffee grown in Odisha, which needs moderate temperature and high rainfall to cultivate.
Koraput, Rayagada, Phulbani, and Keonjhar are the chief coffee producing regions in Odisha.
Total coffee production: 670 Metric Tonnes
Arabica: 670 Metric Tonnes
Robusta: Nil
4. ANDHRA PRADESH
Andhra Pradesh, with a production of 10,405 Metric Tonnes, has occupied 4th position in the list of the largest coffee producing states in India. Andhra Pradesh produces Arabica and Robusta Coffee, whose total production was quite large.
The production of Arabica Coffee and Robusta Coffee was 10,370 Metric Tonnes and 35 Metric Tonnes, respectively, in the last financial year. The total production of coffee in the next financial year is probably to cross the mark of 12,000 Metric Tonnes.
Total coffee production: 10,405 Metric Tonnes
Arabica: 10,370 Metric Tonnes
Robusta: 35 Metric Tonnes
3. TAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu is next on this list, which produced 17,400 Metric Tonnes of coffee in the last financial year. Tamil Nadu is a major coffee producing state and accounts for more than 5% of the total coffee production in the country.
Arabica Coffee form the ruling part of the total coffee produced in the state, and in the last financial year, the production of Arabica Coffee was 13,225 Metric Tonnes. Robusta Coffee is also cultivated by the state, whose agricultural production was 4,175 Metric Tonnes in the last year.
Pulneys, Nilgris, Salem, and Coimbatore are the chief coffee-growing region in Tamil Nadu. Pulneys is the largest coffee producing region in the state with a production of more than 7,700 Metric Tonnes.
Total coffee production: 17,400 Metric Tonnes
Arabica: 13,225 Metric Tonnes
Robusta: 4175 Metric Tonnes
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2. KERALA
Kerala, with a total production of 65,925 Metric Tonnes, stands at 2nd position in the list of the largest coffee producing states in India. Kerala accounts for more than 29% of the total coffee cultivation in India.
Like Karnataka, Robusta Coffee forms most of the total coffee produced in the state with a production of more than 64,125 Metric Tonnes. Arabica Coffee, cultivated in a small quantity as compared to Robust, and in the last financial year, its production was 1800 Metric Tonnes.
Wayanad and Travancore are the major coffee producing regions in Kerala and account for more than 95% of the total coffee grown in the state. Nelliampathies, Kozhikode, Palakkad, and Malappuram are other coffee growing regions in the state.
Like Karnataka, coffee in Kerala is a high altitude plantation around 400-1600 m meters above sea level. Kerala also has a good yield, which is 790 kilograms per hectare.
Total coffee production: 65,925 Metric Tonnes
Arabica: 1800 Metric Tonnes
Robusta: 64,125 Metric Tonnes
1. KARNATAKA
Among all coffee producing states in India, Karnataka is the indisputable leader and grows more than 70% of the total coffee grown in the country. Karnataka produced 203,445 Metric Tonnes of coffee in the last financial year, which is the highest coffee production by any state in India.
In 203,445 Metric Tonnes of coffee, the production of Robusta Coffee formed the most part, which was more than 142,575 Metric Tonnes. Arabica is another type of coffee produced in Karnataka, which was over 60,870 Metric Tonnes.
Coffee is planted in a large area in Karnataka and accounts for more than 70% of the total area under coffee cultivation in India. There are more than 4,500 coffee plantations in India, which is generally on the high altitude of about 1,100 meters above sea level. Kodagu, Chikmagalur, and Hassan are the major coffee producing regions in Karnataka. Kodagu is the largest coffee producing region in Karnataka, with more than 50% share in the total coffee grown in the state. Mysore and Shimoga are the other coffee producing regions in the state.
Apart from the highest coffee production, Karnataka also has the highest yield, which is more than 1,000 Kilograms per hectare. The main reason for coffee production in a large quantity in Karnataka is the suitable temperature, climate, and rainfall.
Total coffee production: 203,445 Metric Tonnes
Arabica: 60,870 Metric Tonnes
Robusta: 142,575 Metric Tonnes
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